Ijaz Hussain, Shah Zeb, Syed Tahir Shah, Abdul Ghaffar, Hisar, Muhammad Irfan.
Spectrum of ventricular septal defects in patients with congenital heart disease.
Pak Heart J Jan ;47(1):28-33.

Objective: To study the frequency and spectrum (echocardiographic picture) of congenital venticular septal defect (VSD) among patients attending Paediatric Cardiology Department for suspected congenital heart disease (CHD). Methodology: This descriptive study was conducted in Pediatric Cardiology Department Lady Reading Hospital Peshawar, from 01 September 2012 to 31 August 2013. All patient with suspected CHD was subjected to transthoracic echocardiographic examination. The frequency and spectrum of VSD was determine in these patients. Results: A total of 2342 patients with suspected CHD were studied. Among them 708(30.2%) were having isolated congenital VSD. Males were 433(61%) and females were 275(39%). Mean age was 42.32+-40.64 months (range: 1 day to 30 years). Patients below 2 years were 54%. Out of this 708 patients, 447(63.1%) were of perimembranous type,169(23.86%) were having muscular VSD, 48(6.78%) were Doubly committed subarterial type, and 44(6.21%) were having multiple VSDs. Two hundred and thirty-three (32.9%) of total VSD patients were have already developed complications including severe pulmonary artery hypertension(PAH) in 157(22.17%) patients, aortic cusp prolapse in 50(7.06%) cases including 30(6.86%) with perimembranous and 20(41.6%) with doubly committed subarterial type of VSD, AR in 40(5.64%) of Aortic cusp prolapse, Acquired right and left ventricular outflow tract obstruction in 10(1.4%) and 05(0.70%) respectively, 04(0.56%) patients had Echo evidence of infective endocarditis and 2 had already developed Eisenmenger syndrome with severe PAH. Conclusion: VSD account for about 30% of the congenital cardiac defects. About one third of them had already developed complications at the time of diagnosis.

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