Khalid Almas.
Oral Malodor; A social or psychological handicap.
J Pak Dent Assoc Jan ;12(2):103-10.

Halitosis is the general term used to describe unpleasant breath, regardless of its sources, oral or non-oral. Oral malodor is the term especially used to describe the odor from the oral cavity. Oral malodor, bad breath or halitosis is a common complaint encountered by dental practitioners. It may be due to poor oral hygiene, local factors or due to systemic involvement. The aim of the article is to update dental practitioners on the subject of oral malodor. Its classification, diagnosis and management regimen are presented. Especially the practical treatment options including the importance of tongue cleaning, oral hygiene and mouth rinses, use of toothpastes, chewing gums, periodontal and restorative treatment and need of referral to psychologist for halitophobic patients has been highlighted. This is a review article.

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