Ibadullah Kundi, Muhammad Nadeem Baig.
Reliability of panoramic radiography in assessing gonial angle compared to lateral cephalogram.
Pak Oral Dental J Jan ;38(3):320-3.

Gonial angle is one of the most important values in cephalometric tracing and is used to measure growth pattern of patients, teeth extraction pattern in Class II patients, surgical decision in class III skeletal base patientsand age estimation in forensic medicine. Gonial angle measured from panoramic radiograph (OPG) is found to be more reliable than lateral cephalometric radiograph. It is difficult to measure gonial angle accurately on the cephalometric radiograph as there is superimposition of the left and right sides angle. The aim of this study was to test the similarity of left and right sides of OPG in measuring the gonial angle and to check whether these values are identical with the values of gonial angle measured from lateral cephalometric radiograph. A hospital-based survey of patients visiting the staff clinic of college of Dentistry, Aljouf university from 1st octuber 2017 to 30th March 2018.The radiographs (Panoramic radiograph and lateral cephalometric radiograph) were prescribed and gonial angle traced to check theiraccuracy. Statistically significant difference was found when measurements yielded from panoramic images (right and left) and lateral Cephalometric measurements were compared (0.029 and 0.002).The gonial angles measured fromleft and right sides of panoramic imageswere equally reliable but when these measurementswere compared to the gonial angles measured on the cephalometric radiographs,the measurements were found statistically different.

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