Amara Gul, Maria Malik.
Clinical anger and negative expressivity - are they predictors of cognitive impairment in patients with hypertension?.
Pak Heart J Jan ;51(3):224-9.

Objectives: To examine association between clinical anger, emotion expressivityand cognitive performance of hypertensive patients. Methodology: The study had cross sectional research design. Purposive sampling was used. Patients diagnosed with hypertension at Nishter Hospital Multan and Bahawal Victoria Hospital Bahawalpur, Pakistan and healthy individuals from community participated in the study during 1st April to 31st October 2016. Subjects completed clinical anger scale, Berkeley expressivity questionnaire and Mini mental status examination. Results: Total of 80 hypertensive and 80 healthy individuals were included in the study. Patients with hypertension showed higher clinical anger (M+-SD patients 54.38+-3.87 vs. healthy individuals 10.15+-2.01) and expressivity of negative emotions (5.31+-1.02) than healthy individuals (2.23+-0.84). In contrast with healthy individuals, patients with hypertension showed cognitive impairment(14.63 +- 2.87 vs. 27.31 +- 1.57). Clinical anger (?=-.64, t=-7.41, p<.001)and negative expressivity (?=-.33, t=-3.84, p<.001) were significant predictors of cognitive performance in patients with hypertension R2= .90,F(12, 79)= 52.24, p<.001. Conclusion: Clinical anger and negative emotion expressivity are significant markers of cognitive decline associated with hypertension.

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