Adnan Adil, Nazish Jabeen, Anam Yousaf.
Mediating role of Mental Toughness between Behavioral Systems and Depression.
Pak J Med Res Jan ;58(2):51-8.

Background: Mental toughness has extensively been studied in sports psychology and its implications are needed to be empirically explored in clinical psychology. Objective: The objective was to investigate the mediating role of mental toughness between behavioral systems i.e. behavioral activation system (BAS), behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and fight-flight-freeze system (FFS) and depression among university undergraduates. Study type, settings and duration: A cross sectional research conducted at University of Sargodha from January 2017 to December 2017. Methodology: A purposive sample of 300 students from University of Sargodha was recruited. Using standard backward translation procedure, Behavioral Inhibition and Activation Systems Scales (BIS/BAS), and Mental Toughness Questionnaire (MTQ-48) were used. Urdu versions of these instruments and Urdu version of Beck Depression Inventory (BDI-II) were administered on sample. Results: Path analysis through IBM SPSS Amos revealed excellent model fit to data (?2 = 0.25, df = 1, p =.61). BIS (? = -.31, p <.01) and FFS (? = -.09, p <.05) had negative direct effects whereas BIS (? = .43, p <.01) had positive direct effect on mental toughness. BIS had positive direct effect whereas BAS, FFS, and mental toughness had negative direct effects on depression. Finally, both FFS (? = .04, p <.05) and BIS (? = .11, p <.05) had positive indirect effects whereas BAS had negative indirect effect (? = -.16 p <.001) on depression through mental toughness. Conclusion: Mental toughness could be one of the causal link between behavioral systems and depression.

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