Faisal H Shah, Zamir Ahmad, Muhammad Shahid.
Comparison of Various Bone and Biochemical Parameters at Various Stages of Thyroid Disease.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;13(2):209-11.

Background: A normal level of thyroid hormone is essential for appropriate skeletal development and mineralization. In patients of hyperthyroidism, it has been established that there is an increased bone resorption due to increased osteoclastic activity resulting in b one loss, but little is known about subclinical hyperthyroid patients. In Pakistan, subclinical and hyperthyroid conditions have a prevalence of 5.1% and 5.8% respectively and both have a higher incidence in females. The fluctuations in the level of thyroid hormone increase the risk of osteoporosis, resulting in vertebral and hip fracture Aim: To assess the difference in various parameters of bone function between euthyroid, hyperthyroid and subclinical hyperthyroid patients. Methods: All patients included in this study were recruited from INMOL hospital Lahore according to inclusion and exclusion parameters. After taking informed consent, a detailed history and clinical examination was carried out. Thyroid profile including FT3, FT4 and TSH were done. AdSOS and Bone transmission time were calculated using DBM Ultrasonographic bone profiler. The measurements were done by using two transducers each of 12mm, which were placed on a highly accurate calliper. This measurement was done at the medial and lateral side of each finger. The emitter probe generated an ultrasound wave while the receiver calculated the arriving signals through the phalanx. Results: A total of 84 patients were included in the study with a mean age of 26-32 years. All of them agreed to participate in the study. Serum FT3 and FT4 and TSH were determined to identify the three thyroid groups. Bone profile and Biochemical parameters were then measured in relation to different functional levels of thyroid hormone. Conclusion: The results indicate a visible difference between patients with normal functioning thyroid gland and hyperthyroid and subclinical hyperthyroid patients.

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