Sadia Bashir, Abida Pervaiz, Haseeb Ahmed Khan, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir, Muhammad Adnan Hasham, Muhammad Shahzad Hafeez, Fatima Iqbal.
Frequency of Hyponatremia in patients with Hepatic Encephalopathy at a tertiary care hospital.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;13(2):306-8.

Background: Hyponatremia can happen in cirrhosis, usually in later stages of liver failure. It had been associated with high mortality. Cirrhotic patients can have various abnormalities of serum sodium levels that can be high or low. The major cause of a dilutional hyponatremia can be due to improper handling of sodium in the kidney tubules leading to activation of renin-angiotensin system and leading to low circulatory volume. Aim: To find frequency of hyponatremia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy at a Jinnah hospital. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was done in Jinnah Hospital, Lahore. Total 115 cases according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria were registered. Blood samples (5ml venous) were collected for measurement of serum sodium levels and sent to the hospital laboratory. The frequency of hyponatremia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy was noted, all this information was recorded by the researcher himself on a proforma. Results: 24 (20.87%) having age of 20-45 years whereas 91( 79.13%) were having age of 46-70 years, 52.02+/-9.65 years was calculated as mean+/-SD, 64( 55.65%) were male and 51( 44.35%) were females, frequency of hyponatremia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy was recorded as 62( 53.91%). Conclusion: It was determined that the frequency of hyponatremia is significantly high in patients with hepatic encephalopathy at a tertiary care hospital.

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