Bushra Javed, Aqsa Fatima, Aswan Ahmad.
Severity of Hyponatremia and its Influence on Various Complications Seen in Decompensated Chronic Liver Disease.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;12(3):1221-6.

Background: Hyponatremia in cirrhosis has been identified as an independent risk factor for mortality and is common in patients with end-stage liver disease. Only a few studies have been conducted to evaluate the frequency of low serum sodium levels and to examine whether serum sodium levels are indicative of the presence and severity of cirrhotic complications. So we conducted this study. Aim: To determine frequency and severity of hyponatremia seen in Decompensated chronic liver disease and various complications based on severity of hyponatremia. Methods : It was descriptive Cross sectional study conducted in the Department of Internal Medicine, Jinnah hospital, Lahore from. 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017. 120 cases of liver cirrhosis presenting with complications were enrolled in the study. Background information like age, sex, severity of hyponatremia, and frequency of different complications observed Child Pugh score etc. Results : The mean age of patients was 44.47+/-18.14years. There were 91 (75.8%) males and 29 (24.2%) females. There were 84 (70%) patients of hyponatremia, 27 (22.5%) had mild hyponatremia, 38 (31.67%) had moderate hyponatremia while 19 (15.8%) had severe hyponatremia. But 36 (30%) had normal sodium level. Ascites was found in 34 (28.3%) cases, 39 (32.5%) had hepatic encephalopathy, 34 (28.3%) cases had spontaneous bacte rial peritonitis, 28 (23.3%) had variceal bleed while 26 (21.7%) had HRS. Conclusion : Thus the frequency of complications was significantly high in patients with hyponatremia.

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