Makhtoob Ahmed, Khalid Javid Siddiqi, Muhammad Amjad Khan.
A Comparative study To Evaluate the Severity of Propofol Injection Pain By Combination of Propofol and Lignocaine with or Without Ketorolac Pretreatment.
Esculapio J Services Inst Med Sci Jan ;13(4):213-6.

Objective: Primary objective was to compare the frequency and severity of pain in propofollignocaine only regimens with ketorolac use prior to the administration of propofol-lignocaine regimen in elective laparoscopic surgery patients. Methods: It was a single blinded, randomized controlled trial, conducted at the department of Anesthesiology of a tertiary care hospital. One hundred twenty (I20) patients of either sex, 18 to 50 years of ages, and ASAclass I or II scheduled for elective laparoscopic surgery were included in the study. Two groups were formed having sixty (60) patients in each group; group-A treated with ketorolac followed by propofol-lignocaine mixture while group-B treated with propofollignocaine mixture only. Pain was measured by asking patient to grade a score of pain on visual analogue scale (0-10cm). Mean+-SD expressed for continuous variable while categorical variables were expressed in frequency and percentages. Chi-square test was applied to test hypothesis with a p value of <0.05 significant. Results: The mean age in group-Awas 33.33+-12.08 years and 33.93+-12.31 years in group-B. In group-A and group-B, the mean VAS score was 2.47+-1.59 & 4.90+-2.42 respectively. The frequency of pain was 20% (n=12) in group-A while in group-B it was 60% (n=36) with p value <0.0001. Patients pretreated with ketorolac had a significantly less incidence of pain (1.7% vs 25%; Pvalue <0.0001) as compared to patients treated with propofol-lignocaine mixture only. Age and gender of patients were associated with more pain in propofol-lignocaine mixture only group compared with ketorolac pretreated group. Conclusion: The frequency and severity of pain was very low if the patients are treated with ketorolac before administration of propofol with lidocaine mixture.

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