Shahid Iqbal, Shahid Abbas, Imtiaz Ahmad, Naeem Hameed, Rehan Riaz, Muhammad Ghiyas Ahmed.
The Frequency of Nephropathy in Diabetic patients with Acute Coronary Syndrome Undergoing Percutaneous Coronary Intervention Secondary to Contrast Medium.
J Cardiovascular Dis Jan ;15(4):91-4.

The major cause of mortality worldwide is development of cardiovascular disease. Most of the patients present with Acute coronary syndrome (ACS). Early revascularization is associated with reduced cardiovascular mortality. The contrast medium used in patients undergoing early revsucularization treatment by percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) is usually non-ionic. There is risk of developing contrast associated nephropathy in patients undergoing percutaneous intervention. Patients with diabetes and chronic kidney disease are at high risk for developing nephropathy following the procedure. MATERIAL AND METHODS: This observational, descriptive study was carried out over a period of six months from August 2017 to February 2018 in the department of Cardiology, Faisalabad Institute of Cardiology, Faisalabad (FIC). A total of 207 patients of both gender with ACS having diabetes undergoing PCI were included. Patients having serum creatinine > 1 .1 mg/dl, known allergy to contrast agent, risk factors other than diabetes, on oral hypoglycemic agents like metformin, taking nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs and aminoglycosides, previous percutaneous coronary intervention, cardiogenic shock (systolic B.P < 90 mm Hg on inotropic support), active infection (TLC > 1 1,000 I cu. mm), INR > 1 .4 and pregnant females were excluded. Contrast induced nephropathy was assessed after 72h of PCI. RESULTS: Mean age was 45.811+-7.76 years. Majority of the patients were males (73.9%, n=153). Contrast induced nephropathy was seen in (9.2%, n=19) patients with diabetes and presenting with acute coronary syndrome who underwent PCI. CONCLUSION: Nephropathy secondary to contrast medium used during PCI is quite high.

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