Muhammad Nawaz Cheema, Saba Anwar, Abid Hussain, Muhammad Tariq Bangash, Muhammad Faran Bin Afzal, Faisal Shamas.
Frequency of esotropiaamong patients presented with ocular misalignments between 2-18 years in Ophthalmology Outdoor Department At Islam Teaching Hospital.
Pak J Med Health Sci Jan ;13(4):830-3.

Background: among all types of deviated or misaligned eyes the most prevalent form of strabismus is inward deviation called esotropia which constitutes 1/2 to 2/3 of total misalignment/the existence of inward misalignment varies in different regions of world. Almost 3% to 5% children are affected by esotropia throughout the world . In Pakistan about 45% of population is under the age of 15 years. Aims: To find out incidence of esotropia in patients presented to eye OPD of Islam teaching hospital Sialkot. Methods: Total 50 patients with deviation presented in period of six months to eye OPD . Patients were examined to eye OPD with detailed history taken from parents followed by vision assessment with Snellen chart and lea symbols . After evaluation of vision detailed examination was done with extra ocular motility assessment, cover test , deviation was recorded by prism cover test and Krimsky, Hirshberg’s reflex test in last cycloplegic refraction with cyclopentolate eye drops . Results: Patients presented with esodeviation had mean age and S.D of 0.4/2.99. There were 56% females and 44% males which were less in frequency than females. Almost 40% patients had same deviation for distance and near both during PCT while 18% had greater deviation in near and 42% presented with greater deviation for distance. 52% subjects of esotropia had hypermetropia. The most common form of esotropia among all types are accommodative esotropia and constant esotropia about 56.6% and 43.3%. Conclusion: non paralytic strabismus is more common than paralytic squint. During study there was not even a single patient of paralytic squint was reported. Among all types the most prevalent form of esotropia is accommodative esotropia which is often associated with refractive errors that may leads to amblyopia.

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