Neelam Noreen Halimi, Muhammad Basit, Hafiz Muhammad Waqas, Muhammad Javed Khan, Muhammad Ilyas.
To determine the frequency of failed spinal anesthesia during cesarean section.
Pak J Surg Jan ;36(1):71-4.

Objective: To determine the frequency of failed spinal anesthesia during cesarean section. Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted in Department of Anaesthesia, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar from January 2016 to December 2017. A total of 241-women were observed. 0.5% Bupivacaine with dose ranging from 1.8 to 2 ml were injected by lumbar punctures using a midline approach at L 2/3 , L4 or L4/5. The level of spinal block was assessed with ice use by loss of cold and touch perception. After determination of the height of sensory block, the surgeon observed for pain sensation using the non-tooth forceps to pinch the skin at the site of the incision. Th ose women experience pain aft er 10-min of administering spinal anaesthesia was classified as failed spinal anaesthesia. Results: The overall mean age was 30+-10.23 years. 32% patients had ASA grade-I and 68% patients had ASA grade-II. 25% patients had emergency caesarean section while 75% patients had elective caesarean section. 14(6%) patients had failed spinal anesthesia while 227(94%) patients didn`t had failed spinal anesthesia. Conclusion: Our study concludes that the frequency of failed spinal anesthesia was 6% during cesarean section.

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