Asifa Kamal, Uzma Numan.
Trends and Determinants of Birth Spacing in Pakistan: 1991-2013.
Pak Paed J Jan ;44(3):240-9.

Objective: To explore trends and determinants of birth interval in Pakistan. Study Design: Cross sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Based on the three Pakistan Demographic and Health Surveys (1990-91, 2006-07 and 2012-13). Material and Methods: Binary logistic regression model is used after pooling the data for the three surveys. Results: Chances of long birth interval significantly increase as age of women increases (OR 1.58; CI 1.51-1.65), while increase in age of women at first birth is found to be significantly related with more chances (OR 0.64; CI 0.60-0.67) of short birth interval. Women married to educated husbands are less likely (OR 0.84; CI 0.73-0.97) to have long birth interval. Increase in parity resulted in significant decline in probability (OR 0.53; 0.46-0.62) of long birth interval. Similar trend is observed for birth order (OR 0.83; CI 0.71-0.97) and for modern contraceptive users (OR 0.79; CI 0.67-0.92). Conclusion: Age of mother at the time of first birth, being married to an educated husband, parity, birth order, and use of modern methods of contraception are found to have significantly negative effect on birth interval.

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