Sarah Qadeer, Iffat Javed, Sohaila Mushtaq, Muhammad Saeed Anwar.
Trends in etiology and antimicrobial patterns in neonatal sepsis. a descriptive study in a tertiary care hospital, Lahore.
Pak J Pathol Jan ;28(2):69-76.

Objective: The main objective of study is to determine the etiology and antimicrobial patterns of neonatal sepsis. Place and Duration of Study: Postgraduate Medical Institute, Lahore and duration of study was 6 months (1st July` 14 -31st Dec` 14).Materials and Methods: 95positive blood cultures with clinical signs and symptoms were included in this study in PGMI, Lahore. The blood cultures were taken before the start of antimicrobial therapy. Blood culture reports were assessed for identification by standard methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was carried out by Modified Kirby Bauer disk diffusion method on Mueller Hinton agar using CLSI protocols. Results: Out of the 450 blood samples, 95 (21.1%) were culture positive. Among 95 positive blood cultures, Gram negative organisms were recovered from 56 (58.9%) followed by Gram positive organisms 36 (37.8%) whereas only 3(3.1%) blood cultures were positive for Candida spp. Among Gram negative organisms (n= 56) Pseudomonas spp 16 (28.5%) was the most common isolate followed by Escherichia coli 13(23.2%), Klebsiella pneumoniae 10 (17.8%). Among Gram positive organisms (n=36), Coagulase Negative Staphylococci (CoNS) was the most frequently isolated organism 24 (66.6%) followed by Staphylococcus aureus 10 (27.7%). In Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae 100% resistance was seen among ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and aztreonam. Variable pattern of resistance was seen among other members of enterobacteriaceae, non-fermenters and Gram positive organisms. Conclusion: It isconcluded that Gram negative organisms were the main cause of neonatal sepsis. Pseudomonas spp and Coagulase negative Staphylococci (CoNS) were the principle pathogens isolated from Gram negative and Gram positive organisms.

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