Muhammad Usman, Hamza Ahmed, Philip-e Stieg.
Operative Technique and Complication Avoidance in Supraorbital Endoscopic Keyhole Craniotomy.
Pak J Neuro Surg Jan ;24(1):8-14.

Objective: The aim of the current study is to describe the technical details of the endoscopic supraorbital keyhole craniotomy and how to avoid complications related with it. Material and Methods: In this cross sectional observational study nine preserved human cadavers from The Skull Base Lab of Weill Cornell Medical College, Cornell University, New York, USA were used. Total number of18 endoscopic supraorbital keyhole craniotomies were performed. Distances between the different targeted anatomical constructs were looked at and measured. Results: A supraorbital craniotomy was performed with details on the technique of the surgery. The second major part of the results comprised of per-operative complications and how to avoid these complications. Conclusion: To treat anterior and middle skull base pathologies, the endoscopic supraorbital keyhole craniotomy is an effective, valuable and minimal access surgical choice.

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