Syeda Sara Bano, Shabana Ali, Sadaf Ayub, Ali Ahmed, Imran Bajwa.
Effects of caffeinated energy drink withdrawal on histological and biochemical parameters of adult albino rat kidneys.
J Med Sci Jan ;28(2):107-11.

Objective: The present study investigated withdrawal effects of caffeinated energy drink on renal histological and biochemical parameters of adult albino rats. Material and method: Thirty adult male rats weighing 250+-10gm were equally divided into 3 groups. Rats in group I received normal diet and water for 8 weeks. Rats in group II received 3.57ml/kg body weight red bull for 8 weeks. Group III received 3.57ml/kg body weight red bull for 4weeks, followed by normal diet and water for next 4 weeks. Blood samples were taken through tail vein at end of 4 and 8 weeks for determination of serum urea and creatinine levels. After completion of 8 weeks rats were sacrificed, kidneys were removed and slides were prepared using Periodic acid-Schiff stain. Readings were taken through image j software and results were analyzed by SPSS. Results: On histological examination decrease in diameter of glomerulus along with widening of bowman capsule space was observed. In withdrawal group, the histological changes were not reverted to normal since no significant difference was observed when compared to energy drink group with P>=0.05. Amongst the biochemical parameters, serum urea levels were increased significantly in the energy drink group. In the withdrawal group, serum urea levels were not reduced at the end of 8 weeks, results were significant when compared with control group with p value 0.000.No significant results were observed in case of serum creatinine levels. Conclusion: Histological and biochemical changes in adult albino rats kidneys are not reversible after withdrawal of caffeinated energy drinks.

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