Hizbullah Jan, Misbah Riaz, Danish Shah, Fazal Hussain, Attaullah Khan, Tufail Ahmad, Mah Muneer Khan.
Causative organisms of surgical site infections and their antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in a general surgical ward in Peshawar.
Pak J Surg Jan ;37(1):9-13.

Objective: To determine the micro-organisms responsible for surgical site infections and their antibiotic susceptibility patterns in a general surgical ward in Peshawar. Material and Methods: This retrospective chart review was conducted at Surgical B Unit KTH, Peshawar from March 2017 to March 2018. During this period, culture reports of patients who presented to the surgical ward with infected wounds were analyzed. Frequencies and percentages of common micro-organisms were calculated and their susceptibility patterns to different antibiotics were determined. SPSS 23 was used for data analysis. Results: Out of the 357 swab reports analyzed, 270 (75.6%) showed growth of which 130(48.1%) isolates were gram-positive and 140(51.9%) were gram-negative bacteria. S. aureus was isolated in 48.1% cases followed by E.coli(23.3%), Pseudomonas(10.7%), Enterobacter (10.4%), Citrobacter (4.4%), Proteus (1.9%) and Klebsiella (1.1%).Gram positive organisms showed highest sensitivity to Piperacillin-tazobactam (97.7%), Linezolid (96.9%) and Vancomycin (94.6%) whereas gram negative organisms showed highest sensitivity to Imipenem (88.5%), Cefoperazone-sulbactam(86.4%) and Piperacillin-tazobactam(85%). One-third (33.3%) of the growths were multidrug resistant. Among the cultures positive for S. aureus, 5(1.9%) were methicillin-resistant and 3(1.1%) were vancomycin-resistant. ESBL resistant strains comprised 24.8% and carbapenem resistant strains 2.6% of the total growths. Conclusion: The rising incidence of multi-drug resistance among bacterial isolates mandates routine antimicrobial sensitivity testing for proper management of infections and to avoid spread of resistance.

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