Zafar Ullah Khan.
Biliary anatomy and mechanism of Biliary injury in Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy.
Pak J Surg Jan ;37(1):3-8.

Whereas laparoscopy debuted a novel era in minimally invasive surgery, its introduction in the management of gall-stone disease opened a new debate on biliary injuries. The rate of bile duct injury (BDI) in conventional cholecystectomy is around 0.2% but it varies between 0.4-0.6% with laparoscopic cholecystectomy (LC). Bile duct injury (BDI) during laparoscopic cholecystectomy can have tremendous immediate and late consequences, converting a frequently performed day-care procedure into a life-altering or terminal event. Biliary injuries can involve bile ducts, hepatic arteries and portal vein and require complex reconstructive procedures with high morbidity and mortality. The characteristic common to all biliary injuries is failure to identify ductal structures in the area of hepatocystic triangle (HCT). Tremendous efforts have been made to mitigate the risk of bile duct injury. This article is about the surgical anatomy and mechanism of injury to the biliary tree, both of paramount importance in preventing bile duct injury.

PakMediNet -Pakistan's largest Database of Pakistani Medical Journals - http://www.pakmedinet.com