Muhammad Khaleel Iqbal, Nadia Nawaz, Usman Mahmood Butt, Shahzad Tawwab.
Frequencies of Different Congenital Heart Diseases in Children Coming for Echocardiography in a Tertiary Care Hospital.
Pak Paed J Jan ;45(2):141-6.

Objective: To find out the frequencies of different congenital heart diseases (CHD) in children presenting for echocardiography. Study Design: Descriptive, cross-sectional Place and Duration of Study: March 2018-March 2020, Jinnah Hospital, Lahore Material and Methods: 298 children presenting for echocardiography and diagnosed as CHD were included. Echocardiographic findings of all children were recorded and analyzed using SPSS-22.0. Results: Of 298 patients, there were 153 (51.3%) male and 145 (48.7%) female patients respectively. Ventricular septal defects (VSD), atrial septal defects (ASD), tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) were the most frequent CHDs in decreasing order of frequency found in 82 (27.5%), 73 (24.5%), 39 (13.1%) and 23 (7.7%) patients respectively. The subjects having acyanotic and cyanotic heart diseases were 235 (78.9%) and 63 (21.1%) respectively. The most frequent acyanotic and cyanotic diseases in children were VSD (82, 27.5%) and TOF (39, 13.1%) respectively. Most frequent type of VSD was peri-membranous found in 72.0% (59) of VSD patients and most common ASD type was secundum seen in 72.6% (53) of ASDs. Severe pulmonary hypertension was seen in 13.4% of VSD and 16.4% of ASD patients. Conclusion: In children, the most frequent congenital heart diseases were VSD, ASD, TOF and PDA in descending order of frequency. The most common acyanotic and cyanotic heart diseases were VSD and TOF respectively.

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