Arun Kumar, Haris Tariq Chohan, Muhammad Imran Riasat, Syed Farjad Sultan, Sunil Arjan, Safia Zafar Siddiqui.
Comparison of Pre-emptive Usage of Ketamine and Combination of Ketamine with Midazolam to Prevent Shivering During Neuraxial Block.
J Surg Pak Jan ;25(4):158-62.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of pre-emptive usage of intravenous ketamine and combination of ketamine with midazolam to control shivering during neuraxial block. Study design: Comparative study. Place & Duration of study: Department of Anesthesiology, Surgical Intensive Care Unit and Pain Management, Dr. Ruth K.M Pfau Civil Hospital Karachi (CHK), from May 2015 to October 2015. Methodology: Patients were divided into two groups. Group K received ketamine 0.5mg/kg and in group KM, ketamine 0.25mg/kg and midazolam 37.5 microgm/kg were given. Just after subarachnoid block, all study drugs were administered through intravenous route as bolus dose. Data were entered into a predesigned form. Data analysis was done with SPSS version 17. Chi square test was applied for statistical significance. Results: The mean age of the patients was 36.12+-6.78 year. There were 73 (81.1%) male and 17 (18.9%) female patients. Rate of postoperative shivering was significantly low in group KM as compared to group K (13.3% vs. 64.4% - p=0.005). Side effects of ketamine were also less in KM group. Conclusion: The combination of reduced dose of ketamine plus midazolam was superior to ketamine alone in preventing shivering during spinal anesthesia.

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