Azhar Naseem, Naeem Rustam, Omer Sabir, Muhammad Mohsin Riaz, Khalid Mahmood Anjum, Nauman Tarif.
Ocular changes in patients on maintenance hemodialysis.
Pak J Kidney Dis Jan ;1(1):17-20.

BACKGROUND: Patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) are at risk for development of eye disease; in the conjunctivae, cornea, retina, and macula, related to the comorbid conditions as well as to the unique effects of hemodialysis and the uremic state. We performed a cross sectional study to document the frequency of ocular changes in patients of end stage renal disease (ESRD) on maintenance hemodialysis. METHODOLOGY: Patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis for more than 6 months were enrolled in the study. Visual acuity was done at bedside with snellen chart at 6 meter distance. Torch light, slit lamp and direct ophthalmoscopy was also done using hand held direct ophthalmoscope. The findings were documented by the ophthalmology consultant. RESULTS: In our study, out of 72 cases of end stage renal disease, 26.39%(n=19) were between 18-50 years of age while 73.61% (n=53) were between 51-85 years of age, mean+/-sd was calculated as 57.03+-9.4 years, 56.94% (n=41) were male and 43.06% (n=31) were females, frequency of ocular changes in patients of ESRD on hemodialysis was recorded as 45.83% (n=33) for hypertensive retinopathy, 4.17%(n=3) had conjunctival calcification and 44.44%(n=32) had cataracts. CONCLUSION: Frequency of ocular changes is higher among patients of ESRD on hemodialysis in our targeted population, however, some other multi-center studies are required to validate our results.

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