Khadija Qamar, Faiza Kiran, Muhammad Alamgir Khan, Sayed Nusrat Raza, Maria Iram, Ayesha Rauf.
Challenges of e-learning faced by medical teachers and students during covid-19 pandemic.
Pak Armed Forces Med J Jan ;71(Sup-1):S3-9.

Objective: To explore perceptions of medical students and faculty, regarding challenges of e-learning they faced, during COVID-19 pandemic. Study Design: Mixed method study (Quantitative and Qualitative - Phenomenological approach). Place and Duration of Study: Army Medical College Pakistan, from Apr 2020 to Sep 2020. Methodology: A self-made questionnaire, having both qualitative and quantitative elements, was developed after interviews of participants. It was pilot tested, finalized and sent via Google forms. Total 318 students and 6 faculty members responded, data was transcribed verbatim, themes were identified, and qualitative inductive content analysis of participants‟ reports was done. Results: Twenty-seven subthemes were identified by analyzing students‟ and faculty perceptions. They were grouped under five major themes, namely, communicational, technological, institutional, related to educators and students. Conclusion: Despite limiting factors like communication gap, digital refugee faculty teaching digital native students, limited technical support, digital divide and unplanned curricular delivery, e-learning was found to be beneficial in terms of flexibility in timings, improving learners‟ self-efficacy, faculty transformation and gradual acceptance. Moreover, it provided opportunity for hybrid e-curriculum development.

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