Syed Shoaib Shah, Saeed Akhtar Khan, Muhammad Tayyab, Naseer Ahmed Chaudrhy, Muhammad Saeed Anwar.
Epithelial changes in tracheobronchial tree of smokers; relation to residence, occupation and pack year.
Pak J Pathol Jan ;12(4):10-3.

This autopsy based study was carried out on 75 smokers belonging to urban and suburban areas of Lahore. The subjects were male above the age of 25 years and had history of smoking of 15 or more pack years. Epithelial changes of basal cell hyperplasia, squamous metaplasia and dysplasia in relation to residence, occupation and pack year were studied in tracheobronchial tree (TBT) of all the subjects. Detailed history about the deceased and their smoking habits was obtained from the relatives / friends. The tracheobronchial tree was dissected by standard technique and biopsies from the six standard sites were obtained, to see the epithelial changes. The representative samples after processing were embedded in paraffin and sections cut at 4 µm thickness on rotary microtome. Finally they were stained with haemotoxylin and eosin stain. It was observed that people belonging to different work classes tend to have similar smoking habits. Various epithelial changes were also present in almost same percentage in different work classes and there was no significant difference (p> 0.05). In urban residents slightly high percentage (66.66 %) of epithelial changes were seen as compared to suburban residents (62.92 %). Epithelial change particularly dysplasia was seen in higher percentage (20%) of people smoking more cigarettes.

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