Sundas Ishtiaq, Ishtiaq Ahmed.
Susceptibility Pattern of Bacterial Isolates from Surgical Site Infections in a Tertiary Care Hospital at Rawalpindi.
J Islamic Int Med Coll Jan ;16(4):224-31.

Objective: To analyze the culture and sensitivity pattern of micro-organisms cultured from patients who develop surgical site infection following various elective surgical procedures. Study Design: A cross-sectional observational study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Surgery, Fauji Foundation Hospital, Rawalpindi, from 7th May 2018 to 7th November 2018. Materials and Methods: All patients with surgical site infection after a surgical procedure under general anesthesia of any duration were included. The operative site was inspected on 3rd, 7th, 14th, 21st and 30th post-operative day for wound infection and pus swab from infected wounds were sent for culture and sensitivity. The samples positive for growth were further examined for the type of organisms with Gram staining and antibiotic sensitivity according to Kirby Bauer technique. Results: Among a total of 128 patients included (M: F - 1:4.8), a total of 129 organisms isolated, 48.4% were gram-positive, 49.22% were gram-negative and 3.13% others (i.e fungi). Of all specimens, 57.03% showed single organism, 20.31% multiple and 22.66% specimens yielded no growth. Commonly isolated bacteria were Staphylococcus aureus (21.09%), Methicillin Resistant Staphlococcus aureus (MRSA) (20.31%), Escherichia coli (18.75%) and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (14.06%). The majority of gram -ive bacteria were sensitive to Amikacin (83.33%), followed by Imipenem (75%), Meropenem (70.83%), Gentamicin (66.67%) and highly resistant to Ampicillin, Ceftazidime (91.67% each), Cefotaxime (75%), Chloramphenicol, Ciprofloxacin (62.50% each). Gram +ive isolates were mostly sensitive to Vancomycin, Cefradine, Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline and resistant to Penicillin, Amikacin, Imipenem and Cefotaxime. Conclusion: Both gram positive and negative micro-organisms are responsible for Surgical Site Infection with Staphylococcus aureus, E Coli, MRSA and Pseudomonas are the commonest. None of the antibiotic were found to be sensitive to all micro-organisms culture. Resistant to Penicillin, Cloxacillin, Augmentin and Quinolone were the highest among all antibiotics.

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