Sana Ujala, Bushra Mehmood, Sana Asghar, Misbah Akbar, Ammad Masood.
Maternal and Fetal Outcome in Third Trimester Bleeding.
RADS J Pharm Pharmaceut Sci Jan ;9(4):238-45.

Introduction: Third trimester bleeding is not uncommon and can pose a great challenge to maternal as well as the fetal wellbeing. Various outcomes have been associated with this; out of which mode of delivery and fetal outcome are salient ones. Objective: To determine the frequencies of various maternal and fetal outcomes with third trimester bleeding. Methodology: Participants of age between 20 to 40 years with singleton pregnancy of more than 24 weeks gestation presenting with per vaginal bleeding within 24 hours irrespective of the amount of blood loss were followed to look for mode of delivery i.e., normal/ C-section, cesarean hysterectomy and for fetal death. Results: A total of 91 cases were enrolled. The mean age of the subjects was 27.82+-3.92 years. Mean BMI was 28.82+-5.34 kg/m2 and mean duration of gestation presenting with bleeding was 27.08+-6.16 weeks. Out of 92, 33 (36.26%) were graduated and 66 (72.53%) were poor. Out of total 91 cases, 13 (14.28%) had normal delivery, 63 (69.23%) had C-section, 8 (8.79%) had cesarean hysterectomy and 10(10.99%) had fetal death with overlapping of more than 1 complication. There was significant difference in terms of C -section which was significantly higher in cases with age 30 to 40 years where this was seen in 27 (84.37%) out of 32 cases as compared to 36 (61.01%) out of 59 cases with age 20-29 years with p= 0.03. Conclusion: Perinatal complications are common in cases with third trimester bleeding and the most common one is C-section, which is significantly associated with age 30 to 40 years and none of the other confounders is associated with any complication.

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