Muhammad Shahid, Muhammad Irfan, Mubashar Zeeshan, Yasir Mahmud, Maryum Shafiq, Saqib Shafi Sheikh.
Spectrum of risk factors of myocardial infarction and their associations with age: a cross sectional study from Gujranwala, Pakistan.
Esculapio J Services Inst Med Sci Jan ;15(2):102-5.

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of various risk factors of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) and their associations with age among patients admitted at tertiary care hospital, Gujranwala, Pakistan. Methods: It was a cross sectional study of acute STEMI patients admitted from June 2017 to May 2018. After informed consent, data was collected by purposive sampling. Statistical analysis was done using SPSS version 25.Various risk factors of STEMI including smoking, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, obesity, personal H/O IHD, H/O of IHD in male family member of age <55years, and H/O of IHD in female family member of age <45years, were the qualitative variables while age of the patients was the only quantitative variable. Independent sample T test was used to compare the mean age of patients in two groups of each risk factor. The multiple regression analysis was also performed to predict the age at which STEMI may occur using different risk factors. The prediction by a risk factor was considered statistically significant if p< 0.05. Results: Amongst 668 patients, 54.2% were smokers, 54% hypertensive, 29.5% diabetics, 22.9% obese, 28.9% had personal H/O IHD, 12.1% had H/O of IHD in male family member of age<55years, and 21.1%had H/O of IHD in female family member of age <45years.The mean age of the patients was 53.81 + 12.37 years. The mean age of the patients was statistically significantly less of smokers than non-smokers (p<0.1), diabetics than non-diabetics (p=0.047), and non-hypertensives than hypertensives (p<0.1).The mean age of the patients had no statistically significant association with H/O obesity (p=0.264), personal H/O IHD (p=0.134), H/O of IHD in male family member of age <55years (p=0.700), and H/O of IHD in female family member of age <45years (p=0.265). A multiple regression analysis suggested that age at which STEMI may occur can be statistically significantly predicted by 4 variables (Smoking, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Obesity). Conclusion: Smoking was the most prevalent risk factor for myocardial infarction in our studied population. Smokers and diabetic patients who suffered STEMI were younger than non-smokers and non-diabetic patients respectively. Among STEMI patients, hypertension was seen in relatively older group of patients. Smoking, Hypertension, Diabetes mellitus, Obesity are those fourrisk factors which significantly predict the age at which STEMI may occur.

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