Bushra Sajid, Nisma Sehar, Khizar Nabeel, Nusrat Sharif, Fareeha Ayyub.
Association Between Manifest Horizontal Ocular Deviation and Color Vision Deficiency: a Cross-Sectional Study.
Al-Shifa J Ophthalmol Jan ;17(3):117-22.

Objectives: The main objective of the study was to determine the effect of manifest horizontal ocular deviation on color vision. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in the Orthoptics department of Al-Shifa Trust Eye Hospital from November, 2018 to March, 2019. A total of 100 patients who were diagnosed with manifest horizontal ocular deviation were included in this study. Horizontal deviation was categorized into esotropia, exotropia, alternate esotropia and alternate exotropia. To achieve the objective of the study data was collected from patients through a structured Performa after taking informed consent. Results: A total of 100 patients participated in this study. Almost half 50% (n=50) of the patients were female with the age ranging from 5 to 30 years. Color vision deficiency was found to be present in only 4% of the patients with manifest horizontal ocular deviation. Out of the total patients, 2% were found to have protanopia while 2% had deuteranopia. Chi-square test of independence was used to find the association between color vision deficiency and manifest ocular deviation. Conclusion: The results of the present study showed that there is no significant association between manifest horizontal ocular deviation and color vision.

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