Zafar Hussain Iqbal, Mohammed Javed.
Bronchogenic Carcinoma - Endobronchial presentation and extent at the time of diagnosis.
Pak J Chest Med Jan ;7(1):11-20.

This retrospective study included 369 cases of histologically proved bronchogenic carcinoma. In 334 cases (90.5%) diagnosis was confirmed by bronchial biopsy, brushing and washing. In 35 cases (9.5%) no endobronchial abnormality was found and confirmation of diagnosis was obtained from extrabronchial site. Out of total 369 cases 87% were male and 13% female with male to female ratio of 7:1. Smokers were 79% and nonsmokers 21 %. Among smokers, 76% male, 3% female with male to female smoking ratio 25.6:1. Maximum number (60%) of patients was between 50 to 69 years of age. On Fiberoptic Bronchoscopy (FOB) endobronchial appearance of bronchogenic carcinoma was mass lesion 64%. abnormal mucosa 19%, narrowed lumen 5%, annular lesion 2% and no endobronchial lesion in 10% cases. Mass lesion was further divided in Rounded and Smooth variety 63%, Fungating 30.7%, Lobulated/ cauliflower 8% and Necrotic lesion 4.6%. Histologically Squamous cell carcinoma was 49.5%, Adeno carcinoma 7.4%, large cell carcinoma 6.3%, Small cell carcinoma 9.21 % and Bronchogenic carcinoma with out histological type 27.5%. Bronchoscopically tumour was confined to Rt. Lung 45.5%, cases, Lt. Lung 36%, and more than one site 24.3%. Commonest site of involvement was lobar bronchi in 40.3% cases. We concluded that majority of bronchogenic carcinoma in our set up at the time of diagnosis present with definite endobronchial abnormalities (Mass lesion, Abnormal mucosa, Annular lesion & External compression) and bronchial biopsy, washing and brushing through Fiberoptic bronchoscope are most use full diagnostic tools.

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