Humera Nasim, Madiha Ehtesham, Saima Ambreen, Muhammad Arif, Muhammad Kamran Khan, Aqsa Naseer, Faizan Fazal, Tayyaba Saleem, Mohammad Ebad-ur Rehman.
Risk Factors and Secondary Infections in Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever patients.
Pak J Med Dentistry Jan ;12(2):43-9.

Background: Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) is a fatal manifestation of dengue disease. DHF`s risk factors profile holds significance importance in the clinical practice and efficient care plan are required during dengue disease flare-up. The aim of this study was to investigate the risk factors for pathogenesis of dengue disease and dengue hemorrhagic fever. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, data was obtained from 256 patients with diagnoses of Dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF). Comprehensive history, physical assessment and biochemical estimations were recorded. Patients were followed to identify and assess the risk factors for DHF. The Statistical Package of Social Sciences for analysis of data. Stratification of residence and socioeconomic status to see effect of these on result variable by applying chi square test. p value of <0.05 was taken as significant. Results: Among the 256 patients, the mean age of the age (Mean +- SD) of study population was 28.4 +- 12.1 years, 162 (63.28%) were less than 40 years of age and 94 (36.72%) were >=40 years. The males were 181 (70.70%) and females were 75 (29.30%). The frequency of risk factors was observed to be 26 (10.8%) patients had Diabetes Mellitus, 55(21.5%) hypertension, 25(9.8%) hyperlipidemia. Secondary infection occurred in 192 (75%) but results were insignificant (p>0.05). All diseases were common in participants who belonged to the urban area. Conclusion: Secondary infection was most common risk factor in patients with DHF and found mostly in less than 40 age than older patients. Whereas, males were predominately affected more than the females (p<0.05).

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