Shafiq Ahmad Iqbal, Muhammad Ishaque Khan, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Khawaja Muhammad Fayyaz.
Assessment of renal functions during 1st trimester of pregnancy.
Professional Med J Jan ;11(3):278-84.

Design: A Case Control Study. Purpose: 1. To obtain basic information about the serum levels of different metabolic nitrogenous end products during pregnancy. 2. To determine the renal function alterations during 1st trimester of normal pregnancy under local conditions. Study Period: Study was done at Quaid-e-Azam Medical College, Bahawalpur during the year 1999-2000. Material & methods: Subjects in group-B having normal pregnancy of 1st trimester was taken. No restriction on diet, fluid intake, socioeconomic status or physical activity was imposed. Pregnant woman having hypertension, renal disease, diabetes & any other complication like toxemia of pregnancy were excluded from this study. Diagnosis was carried out on the basis of history, physical examination and local examination performed by the gynaecologist and on laboratory investigation. In control group-A age matched subjects without pregnancy were selected from general population. Most of the controls were selected amongst the students and staff member of QAMC, Bahawalpur. In this group 26 subjects were taken. Renal function was assessed from 24 hours urine collection & morning blood serum samples and the values of creatinine clearance were corrected for body surface area in each case. Data was analysed by SPSS processor. Results: In this study total 44 females were included. (group-A (control) 26 Non-pregnant women & group-B (case) 18 pregnant women in their 1st trimester) the rise in GFR (endogenous creatinine clearance) & urinary levels of creatinine was high in case as compared to control group. A small difference in urine specific gravity & urine volume was observed in two groups. A statistically significant change was observed. However the endogenous creatinine clearance (ECC) showed a great variability. Biochemical Parameters: Table-III gives the mean value + SD of serum levels of creatinine, urea, uric acid, glucose and albumin in control (Non-pregnant women) & case (pregnant woman in 1st trimester).Serum level of creatinine, uric acid & albumin was found to decrease in pregnant women. Serum glucose level tends to increase in pregnant women group.

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