Sarhad Khan, Liaqat Ali Toori, Khursheed Anwer.
The Efficacy of Percutaneous Nephrolithotomy in renal and upper ureteric calculi.
Pak J Med Res Jan ;44(2):89-91.

Objectives: To determine the efficacy of Percutaneous Nephro-Lithotomy (PCNL) in clearance of symptomatic renal and upper ureteric calculi and study the frequency of postoperative complications associated with it.. Methods: A descriptive study conducted in the Department of Urology at Pakistan Institute of Medical Sciences (P.I.M.S) Islamabad from 1990 to 2001. Two hundred patients with symptomatic renal and upper ureteric calculi were selected with the technique of non-probability convenient sampling. All Patients were subjected to PCNL. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 10. Results: The mean age of patients was 37 years with a range of 18-75 years. The mean size of the stone was 2.7cm with a range of 1.5 to 3.5cm. The mean operation time was 90 minutes with range of 40 to 120 minutes. The stone clearance was successfully achieved in 194 patients (97%). Failure was noted in 6 patients (3%). Majority (189) of patients required only a single session for the complete clearance. Postoperative complications were recorded in 24 patients (12%). Only 8 patients (4%) required blood transfusion, 8 patients (4%) had bacteriemia, 4 patients (2%) had prolonged ileus of more than 72 hours and 4 patients (2%) developed urinary fistula. No mortality was recorded. Conclusion: PCNL is a minimally invasive, effective and safe modality for the removal of renal and upper Ureteric calculi.

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