Waqar Ahmad, Ziaulllah, Mohammad Rizwanul Haque, Tahir Shari.
Acute renal failure; causes and outcome.
Proceeding Shaikh Zayed Postgrad Med Inst Jan ;15(1):23-8.

Acute renal failure (ARF) is a common problem. The data about the etiology and outcome in our country is not available. Acute renal failure was diagnosed in 187 cases out of total 6752 admissions in Department of Nephrology Shaikh Zayed Hospital, Lahore from July 1994 to December 2001. Acute tubular necrosis (ATN) was found to be the commonest cause of ARF seen in 124 patients (66.3%). Among the patients with A TN gastroenteritis (43/124 patients, 34%) and complications of pregnancy (32/124 patients, 26%) were the leading causes and both were preventable. Toxins were responsible for A TN in 16 patients (13%). Common complications included severe metabolic acidosis in 80 patients (42.7%), uremic encephalopathy in 68 (36.4%), urinary tract infection in 60 (32.1%) and pulmonary edema in 57 patients (30.5%). Complete recovery was seen in 112 patients (60%) with ARF. Death occurred in 34 (18%). Twenty patients (10.7%) had incomplete recovery and developed chronic renal failure. Death was more frequently seen in elderly patients and those who had more than two complications. Incomplete recovery was observed in female patients usually associated with pregnancy related ARF.

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