Biomedical Material Sciences

Biomedical Material Sciences involve customisation of materials for medical applications. Examples of these applications include artificial skin, vascular and cardiovascular implants and devices, bone graft substitutes, new prosthetic devices, dental materials etc. Application in this field have been rapidly expanding, due to the imagination of biomedical material scientists and them identifying appropriate applications in consultation with the clinicians, resulting in interdisciplinary research collaborations.

Recently, materials used in medicine (biomaterials) have made enormous impact on the repair and replacement of injured and diseased part of the human body and the field is growing at a rapid pace.

Uses of Biomaterials increased rapidly in the late 1800s, particularly after the advent of aseptic techniques by Dr. Joseph Lister in 1860s. The first metal devices to fix bone fracture were used early in nineteenth century. Total hip replacement prosthesis was implanted in 1938. In 1940s, many surgical specialties were transformed by the introduction of implantable medical devices, and patients benefited from the newly developed absorbable sutures. The devices were, however, fabricated from only a small list of metals, polymers, and ceramics.

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